Historical Sociolinguistics and Sociohistorical Linguistics

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bibliography: cumulative bibliography (regularly updated)

general studies, linguistic studies, historiography, standardisation, codification/prescription, Old English and Anglo-Saxon England, language of 17th to 19th-century English letters, language of 17th to 19th-century letters - other than English, resources for research

(additions may be sent to the editor)

 

general studies

Beal, Joan C. (2004). English in Modern Times, 1700-1945. London: Arnold.

Burke, P., and R. Porter (eds.) (1987). The Social History of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Burke, P., and R. Porter (eds.) (1993). Language, Self and Society.  A Social History of Language. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Burke, P., and R. Porter, (eds.) (1995). Languages and Jargons.  Contributions to a Social History of Language. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Denison, David (1993). English Historical Linguistics. London: Longman.

Fennel, Barbara A. (2001). A history of English. A sociolinguistic approach. Oxford: Blackwell.

 

linguistic studies

Aitken, A.J. (1979). "Scottish Speech: A Historical Review with Special Reference to the Standard English of Scotland". In: A.J. Aitken and Tom McArthur (eds.), Languages of Scotland. Edinburgh: Chambers.

Atkinson, D. (1996). "The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1675-1975: a sociohistorical discourse analysis". Language in Society 25. 333-371.

Bax, Randy (2000). "A network strength scale for the study of eighteenth-century English". In: Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon (eds.), Social Network Analysis and the History of English, special issue of EJES 4.3. 277-289.

Bax, Randy (2002). "Linguistic accommodation. The correspondence between Samuel Johnson and Hester Lynch Thrale". In: Teresa Fanego, Belén Méndez-Naya and Elena Seoane (eds.), Sounds, Words, Texts and Change. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. 9-23.

Bax, Randy (2005). "Traces of Johnson in The Language of Fanny Burney". In: Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy (eds.), Sociolinguistics and the History of English: Perspectives and Problems, special issue of EJES 5.1. 159-181.

Bergs, Alexander T. (2000). "Social networks in pre-1500 Britain: Problems, prospects, examples". In: Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon (eds.), Social Network Analysis and the History of English, special issue of EJES 4.3. 239-251.

Blake, N.F. (1981). Non-standard Language in English Literature. London: Andre Deutsch.

Bodine, Ann (1975). "Androcentrism in prescriptive grammar: Singular ‘they’, sex-indefinite ‘he’, and ‘he or she’". Language in Society 4. 129-146.

Britain, David and Peter Trudgill (2005). "New Dialect Formation and Contact-induced Reallocation: Three Case Studies From the English Fens". In: Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy (eds.),  Sociolinguistics and the History of English: Perspectives and Problems, special issue of EJES 5.1. 183-209.

Conde-Silvestre, Juan C., and Juan M. Hernández-Campoy (2004). "A sociolinguistic approach to the diffusion of Chancery written practices in late fifteenth-century private correspondence". Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 105. 133-152.

Conde-Silvestre, Juan C., and Juan M. Hernández-Campoy (2005). "Sociolinguistic and geolinguistic Approaches to the Historical Diffusion of Linguistic Innovations: Incipient Standardisation in Late Middle English". In: Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy (eds.),  Sociolinguistics and the History of English: Perspectives and Problems, special issue of EJES 5.1. 101-134.

Culpeper, Jonathan, and Merja Kytö (1999). "Investigating nonstandard language in a corpus of Early Modern English dialogues". In: Irma Taavitsainen, Gunnel Melchers, and Päivi Pahta (eds.), Writing in Nonstandard English. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. 171-187.

Díaz-Vera, Javier Enrique (1999). "Reconstructing variation in the speech community: evidence on Early American English negative constructions form the Salem Witchcraft papers", Cuadernos de Filología inglesa 8. 275-289.

Dollinger, Stefan. "'Philogical computing' vs. 'philological outsourcing' and the compilation of historical corpora: a Late Modern English test case". VIEWZ 13/2. 3-23.

Eckert, P. (1980). "The structure of a long-term phonological process: The back chain shift in Souletan Gascon". In: W. Labov (ed.), Locating Language in Time and Space. New York: Academic Press. 179-219.

Elspaß, Stephan (2005). Sprachgeschichte von unten. Untersuchungen zum geschriebenen Alltagsdeutsch im 19. Jahrhundert. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Denkler, Markus / Stephan Elspaß (2004). "Perspektiven ländlicher Schriftlichkeit. Ein münsterländisches Anschreibebuch aus der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts". In: Damme, Robert / Norbert Nagel (eds.). "westfeles vnde sassesch". Festgabe für Robert Peters zum 60. Geburtstag. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte. 181-206.

Fairman, Tony (2000). "English Pauper's letters 1800-34, and the English Language". In: David Barton and Nigel Hall (eds.). Letter Writing as a Social Practice. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. 63-82.

Fisher, John H. (1996). The Emergence of Standard English. Lexington, Kentucky: The University of Kentucky Press.

Fitzmaurice, Susan (2000). "Coalitions and the investigation of social influence in linguistic history". In: Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon (eds.), Social Network Analysis and the History of English, special issue of EJES 4.3. 265-276.

Fries, Udo (1998). "Dialogue in Instructional Texts" In Raimund Borgmeier, Herbert Grabes and Andreas H. Jucker (eds.) Proceedings from the Anglistentg 1997 Giessen. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag. 85-96.

Fuami, Kayoko (1983). "Language and Personality in Tom Jones – A Socio-stylistic approach to fictional speech". ERA (Bulletin of the English Research Association of Hiroshima, New Series) 3/2. 19-40.

Fuami, Kayoko (1991). "Negation in eighteenth-century English – Its use in fictional speech. In: Language and Style in English Literature: Essays in Honour of Michio Masui". Tokyo: Eiho-sha. 619-633.

Fuami, Kayoko (1992). "The language of maidservants in 18th-century England’. In: English Language and Literature: Essays in Honour of Professor Michio Kawai". Tokyo: Eiho-sha.

Fuami, Kayoko (1998). "Imperatives in eightgeenth-century fictional speech". Studies in Modern English 14. 1-28.

Fuami, Kayoko (2003). "The subjective/objective case distinction, with special reference to eighteenth-century fictional prose". Konan Women’s University Researches of Literature and Culture 39. 23-32.

Gómez Soliño, José S. (1981). "Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More y la lengua inglesa estandar de su epoca". Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses 3. 74-84.

Görlach, Manfred (1988). "The Study of Early Modern English Variation - The Cinderella of English Historical Linguistics?". In: Jacek Frisiak (ed.), Historical Dialectology: Social and Regional. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Gorter, Durk (2003). "Sociolinguistics in the Netherlands". In Ulrich Ammon, Klaus J. Mattheier, Peter H. Nelde (eds.) Sociolinguistica, International Yearbook of European Sociolinguistics. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. 168-180.

Gotti, Maurizio (1996). Robert Boyle and the Language of Science. Milan: Guerini Scientifica.

Gotti, Maurizio (1999). 17th and 18th Century Canting Lexicography in England. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.

Guzmán-González, Trinidad (1999-2000). "Gender, Grammar and Poetry: Early 17th-century Miscellanies in the Light of Historical Sociolinguistics". Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the Spanish Society for English Renaissance Studies (S.E.D.E.R.I.). Salamanca: SEDERI/Universidad de Salamanca. 37-46

Guzmán-González, Trinidad (2005). "Out of the Past: A Walk with Labels and Concepts, Raiders of the Lost Evidence and a Vindication of the Role of Writing". In: Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy (eds.),  Sociolinguistics and the History of English: Perspectives and Problems, special issue of EJES 5.1. 13-31.

Heyns, Peeter (2006). Cort Onderwijs (1571-1605). Amsterdam: Stichting Neerlandistiek VU Amsterdam/Münster: Nodus Publikationen. 

Hickey, Raymond (2000). "Dissociation as a form of language change". In: Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon (eds.), Social Network Analysis and the History of English, special issue of EJES 4.3. 303-315.

Imhoff, Brian (2000). "Socio-historic network ties and medieval Navarro-Aragonese", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 101. 443-450.

Imhoff, Brian (2000). ''Dialect contact and historical linguistic variation: The Old Spanish -ie imperfect.'' Hispanic Review 68:381-396.

Kastovsky, Dieter, and Arthur Mettinger (eds.). 2000. The history of English in a social context. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Kielkiewicz-Janowiak, Agnieszka (1992). A Socio-Historical Study in Address: Polish and English. Frankfurt am Main etc.: Peter Lang.

Kielkiewicz-Janowiak, Agnieszka (2002). 'Women's Language'? A Socio-Historical View. Private Writings in early New England. Poznan: Motivex.

Lenker, Ursula (2000). "The monasteries of the Benedictine Reform and the 'Winchester School': Model cases of social networks in Anglo-Saxon England?" In: Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon (eds.), Social Network Analysis and the History of English, special issue of EJES 4.3. 225-238.

MacIntosh, Carey (1986). Common and Courtly Language: the Stylistics of Social Class in 18th Century English. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press.

McIntosh, Carey (1998). The Evolution of English Prose, 1700-1800: Style, Politeness and Print Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Meurman-Solin, Anneli (1999). "Letters as a source of data for reconstructing Early Spoken Scots". In: Irma Taavitsainen, Gunnel Melchers, and Päivi Pahta (eds.), Writing in Nonstandard English. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. 305-322.

Milroy, James. 1992. Linguistic variation and change: on the historical sociolinguistics of English. Oxford etc.: Blackwell.

Milroy, James (2005). "Variability, Language Change, and the History of English". In: Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy (eds.),  Sociolinguistics and the History of English: Perspectives and Problems, special issue of EJES 5.1. 1-11.

Milroy, Lesley (2000). "Social network analysis and language change: Introduction". In: Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon (eds.), Social Network Analysis and the History of English, special issue of EJES 4.3. 217-223. 

Mizuno, Kazuho (1991). "Variations in Boswell's English", The Hiroshima University Studies, 50. 150-174.

Mugglestone, Linda (1995). ‘Talking Proper’: The Rise of Accent as Social Symbol. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Nevala, Minna (1998). "By him that loves you: Address forms in letters written to 16th-century social aspirers". In Renouf, Antoinette (ed.), Explorations in Corpus Linguistics. (Language and Computers: Studies in Practical Linguistics 23). Amsterdam & Atlanta: Rodopi. 147-57.

Nevalainen, Terttu (2000). "Mobility, social networks and language change in Early Modern England". In: Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon (eds.), Social Network Analysis and the History of English, special issue of EJES 4.3. 253-264.

Nevalainen, Terttu (2002). "English newsletters in the 17th century". In: Andreas Fischer, Gunnel Tottie and Hans Martin Lehamnn (eds.), Text Types and Corpora. Studies in Honour of Udo Fries. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. 67-76.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (1989). "A corpus of Early Modern Standard English in a socio-historical perspective". Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 90/1. 67-111.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (1994). "Sociolinguistics and language history: the Helsinki Corpus of Early English Correspondence". Hermes Journal of Linguistics 13. 135-143.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (1995). "Constraints on politeness: the pragmatics of address formulae in early English correspondence". In Andreas H. Jucker (ed.), Historical Pragmatics. Pragmatics and Beyond. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 541-601.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (eds.) (1996). Sociolinguistics and Language History. Studies based on the Corpus of Early English Correspondence. Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (1996). "Social stratification in Tudor English?" In Derek Brittan (ed.), English Historical Linguistics 1994: Papers from the 8th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins. 303-326.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (1996). "The Corpus of Early English Correspondence". In Terttu Nevalainen & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (eds), Sociolinguistics and Language History. Studies based on the Corpus of Early English Correspondence. Amsterdam & Atlanta GA: Rodopi. 39-54.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (1998). "Reconstructing the social dimension of diachronic language change". In Richard Hogg & Linda van Bergen (eds), Historical Linguistics 1995. Amsterdam/Philadelpia: Benjamins. 189-209. 

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (2000a). "The changing role of London on the linguistic map of Tudor and Stuart England". In: Dieter Kastovsky & Arthur Mettinger (eds.), The History of English in a Social Context. A Contribution to Historical Socio-Linguistics. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 279-337.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (2000b). "The third-person singular -(E)S and -(E)TH revisited: the morphophonemic hypothesis". In: Christiane Dalton-Puffer & Nikolaus Ritt (eds.), Words: Structure, Meaning, Function. A Festschrift for Dieter Kastovsky. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 130. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 235-248.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (2002). "The rise of the relative who in Early Modern English". In: Patricia Poussa (ed.) Relativisation on the North Sea Littoral. LINCOM Studies in Language Typology 7. München: LINCOM EUROPA. 109-121.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (2003). Historical Sociolinguistics: Language Change in Tudor and Stuart England. Longman Linguistics Library. London: Pearson Education.

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (2005). "Sociolinguistics and the History of English: A Survey". In: Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy (eds.),  Sociolinguistics and the History of English: Perspectives and Problems, special issue of EJES 5.1. 33-58.

Nevalainen Terttu, Helena Raumolin-Brunberg & Peter Trudgill (2001). "Chapters in the social history of East Anglian English: the case of third person singular". In: Jacek Fisiak & Peter Trudgill (eds.), East Anglian EnglishWoodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. 187-204.

Noordegraaf, Jan. 2004. "Van Kaapsch-Hollandsch naar Afrikaans: visies op verandering". In: Saskia Daalder, Theo Janssen and Jan Noordegraaf (eds.), Taal in verandering. Artikelen aangeboden aan Arjan van Leuvensteijn bij zijn afscheid van de opleiding Nederlandse Taal en Cultuur aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Amsterdam: Stichting Neerlandsitiek VU/Münster: Nodus Publikationen. 169-184.

Nurmi, Arja (1996). "Periphrastic DO and BE+ING: Interconnected Developments?". In: T. Nevalainen and H. Raumolin-Brungerb (eds.), Sociolinguistics and Language History: Studies based on the Corpus of Early English Correspondence. Amsterdam: Rodopi. 151-165.

Nurmi, Arja (1999). A Social History of Periphrastic do. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.

Oldireva, Larisa (1999). "Catched or caught: Towards the standard usage of irregular verbs". In: Irma Taavitsainen, Gunnel Melchers, and Päivi Pahta (eds.), Writing in Nonstandard English. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: Benjamins. 263-284.

Oldireva, Larisa (1999). "Hear'd and stopt: Regular or irregular?". In: Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen and Brita Wårvik (eds.), Proceedings from the 7th Nordic Conference for English Studies (Anglicana Turkuensia, 20), Turku: University of Turku. 131-48.  

Oldireva Gustafsson, Larisa (2002). Preterite and Past Participle Forms in English 1680-1790. Standardisation Processes in Public and Private Writing. PhD dissertation, University of Uppsala. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Anglistica Upsaliensia 120.

Osselton , N.E. (1963). "Formal and informal spelling in the 18th century". English Studies 44. 267-275.

Osselton , N.E. (1984). "Informal spelling systems in Early Modern English: 1500-1800". In: N.F. Blake & C. Jones (eds.) English Historical Linguistics: Studies in Development. Sheffield: CECTAL. 123-137.

Palander-Collin, Minna (1999). Grammaticalization and Social Embedding. I THINK and METHINKS in Middle and Early Modern English. (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 55). Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.

Percy, Carol (1995). "Grammatical Lapses in Dr John Hawkesworth's Voyages (1773)". Leeds Studies in English 26. 145-168.

Percy, Carol (1996). "In the Margins: Dr Hawkesworth's Emendations to the Language of Captain Cook's Voyages". English Studies 77.6, 549-578.

Percy, Carol (1996). "English "Normative" Grammar in Practice: the Case of Captain Cook". English Historical Linguistics 1994, ed. Derek Britton. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 135. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 339-362.

Percy, Carol (1997). "Earlier Editorial Practice vs. Later Linguistic Prescript: Some Eighteenth-Century Illustrations". English Language Notes 34.3. 23-39.

Percy, Carol (1997). "Eighteenth-Century Book Reviewers' Attitudes Towards Language: A Database Project". Tracing the Trail of Time. Proceedings from the Second Diachronic Corpora Workshop. Ed. Raymond Hickey, Merja Kytö, Ian Lancashire, and Matti Rissanen. (Series: Language and Computers 18). Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 1997. 215-231.

Percy, Carol (2000). "Easy women: defining and confining the 'feminine' style in eighteenth-century print culture".  Language Sciences 22 (2000): 315-337. Special volume, ed. by Susan Fitzmaurice, Rhetoric, language, and literature: new perspectives on English in the eighteenth century

Percy, Carol (2002). "Consumers of correctness. Men, women and language in eighteenth-century classified advertisements". In New Perspectives on English Historical Linguistics. Selected Papers from 12 ICEHL. 153-176.

Percy, Carol (2004). "Plane English; or, The Orthography of Opposition in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Britain". In Paul J. Korshin and Jack Lynch (eds.), "The Age of Johnson" vol. 15. New York: AMS Press, Inc.

Pratt, Lynda, and David Denison (2000). "The language of the Southey-Coleridge Circle". Language Sciences 22, 401-422.

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena (1996). "Apparent time". In Terttu Nevalainen & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (eds). Sociolinguistics and Language History. Studies based on the Corpus of Early English Correspondence. Amsterdam & Atlanta GA: Rodopi. 93-109.

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena (1996). "Forms of address in early English correspondence". In Terttu Nevalainen & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (eds). Sociolinguistics and Language History. Studies based on the Corpus of Early English Correspondence. Amsterdam & Atlanta GA: Rodopi. 167-181.

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena (1996). "Historical sociolinguistics". In Terttu Nevalainen & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (eds). Sociolinguistics and Language History. Studies based on the Corpus of Early English Correspondence. Amsterdam & Atlanta GA: Rodopi. 11-37. 

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena (1997). "Incorporating sociolinguistic information into a diachronic corpus of English". In Raymond Hickey, Merja Kytö, Ian Lancashire & Matti Rissanen (eds.) Tracing the trail of the time: Proceedings of the Diachronic Corpora Workshop, Toronto (Canada) May 1995. Amsterdam & Georgia GA: Rodopi. 105-117.

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena (1998). "Social factors and pronominal change in the seventeenth century: The Civil War effect?" In Jacek Fisiak & Marcin Krygier (eds.) Advances in English Historical Linguistics. Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 112. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 361-388.

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena (2000). "Which and the which in Late Middle English: free variants?" In: Irma Taavitsainen, Terttu Nevalainen, Päivi Pahta & Matti Rissanen (eds.) Placing Middle English in Context. Topics in English Linguistics 35. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 209-225.

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena (2002). "Stable variation and historical linguistics". In: Helena Raumolin-Brunberg, Minna Nevala, Arja Nurmi & Matti Rissanen (eds.). Variation Past and Present: VARIENG Studies on English for Terttu Nevalainen. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 61. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. 101-116.

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena (forthc.). "Temporal aspects of language change: what can we learn from the CEEC?" Paper presented in at Corpus Linguistics 2001, Lancaster 29 March - 2 April, 2001.

Raumolin-Brunberg Helena & Terttu Nevalainen (1990). "Dialectal features in a corpus of Early Modern Standard English?". In Graham Caie, Kirsten Haastrup, Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, Jorgen Erik Nielsen, Jorgen Sevaldsen, Henrik Specht & Arne Zettersten (eds.),
Proceedings from the Fourth Nordic Conference for English Studies. University of Copenhagen: Department of English. 119-131.

Raumolin-Brunberg Helena & Terttu Nevalainen (1994). "Social conditioning and diachronic language change". In Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), Studies in Early Modern English. Topics in English Historical Linguistics, 13. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 325-338.

Raumolin-Brunberg Helena & Terttu Nevalainen (1997). "Like father (un)like son: a sociolinguistic approach to the language of the Cely family". In Jacek Fisiak (ed.), Studies in Middle English Linguistics. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs, 103. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 489-511.

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena & Terttu Nevalainen (1997). "Social embedding of linguistic changes in Tudor English". Raymond Hickey & Stanislaw Puppel (eds.) Language history and linguistic modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on his 60th birthday. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 701-717. 

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena & Arja Nurmi (1997). "Dummies on the move: prop-ONE and affirmative DO in the 17th century". In Terttu Nevalainen & Leena Kahlas-Tarkka (eds.) To Explain the Present: Studies in the Changing English Language in Honour of Matti Rissanen. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki, 52. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. 395-417.

Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena, Minna Nevala, Arja Nurmi & Matti Rissanen (eds.) (2002). Variation Past and Present: VARIENG Studies on English for Terttu Nevalainen. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 61. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. 101-116.

Rissanen, Matti. 1975. "'Strange and Inkhorne Tearmes'. Loanwords as style markers in the prose of Edward Hall, Thomas Elyot, Thomas More and Roger Ascham". Style and Text. 250-262.

Rissanen, Matti (1999). "Language of law and the development of Standard English". In Irma Taavitsainen, Gunnel Melchers, and Päivi Pahta (eds.), Writing in Nonstandard English. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. 189-203.

Rissanen, M. (2000). "Standardisation and the language of early statutes". In, L. Wright (ed.). The Development of Standard English 1300-1800; Theories, Descriptions, Conflicts. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 117-130.

Rodríguez-Gil, María E. (2003). "Ann Fisher, descriptive or prescriptive grammarian?" In Linguistica e filologia 17. 183-203.

Romaine, Suzanne (1982). Socio-historical linguistics. Its status and methodology. Cambridge etc.: Cambridge University Press.

Rydén, Mats and Sverker Brorström. 1987. The Be/Have variation with intransitives in English. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.

Schneider, E. (1992). "Who(m)? Constraints on the loss of case marking of wh-pronouns in the English of Shakespeare and other poets of the Early Modern English period". In, M. Rissanen, O. Ihalainen. T. Nevalainen & I. Taavitsainen (eds.). History of Englishes. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 437-452.  

Sociolinguistics 13 (1999): special issue devoted to Historical Sociolinguistics.

Schreier, Daniel (2005). "#CCV- > #CV- Corpus-based Evidence of Historical Change in English phonotactics". In: Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy (eds.),  Sociolinguistics and the History of English: Perspectives and Problems, special issue of EJES 5.1. 77-99.

Taavitsainen, Irma, Gunnel Melchers, and Päivi Pahta (eds.). Writing in Nonstandard English. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (1987). The Auxiliary Do in Eighteenth-century English: A sociohistorical linguistic approach. Dordrecht: Foris.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (1998). "Standardization of English spelling: the eighteenth-century printers’ contribution". In: Jacek Fisiak en Marcin Krygier (eds.). English historical linguistics 1996. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 457–470.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (1999). "Of formulas and friends: expressions of politeness in John Gay’s letters". In: Guy A.J. Tops, Betty Devriendt and Steven Geukens (eds.). Thinking English Grammar. To Honour Xavier Dekeyser, Professor Emeritus. Leuven/Paris: Peeters. 99–112.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2000). "A little learning a dangerous thing? Learning and gender in Sarah Fielding's letters to James Harris". Language Sciences 22, 339-358.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2000). "Sociohistorical Linguistics and the Observer’s Paradox". In The History of English in a Social Context, ed. by Dieter Kastovsky and Arthur Mettinger. Trends in Linguistics. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 441–461.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2000). "Social Network Analysis and the History of English". In Social Network Analysis and the History of English, special issue of EJES, ed. by Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon. EJES 4.3, 211–216.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2000). "Social Network Analysis and the Language of Sarah Fielding". In Social Network Analysis and the History of English, special issue of EJES, ed. by Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon. EJES 4.3, 291–301.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2005). "Of Social Networks and Linguistic Influence: The Language of Robert Lowth and his Correspondents". In: Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy (eds.),  Sociolinguistics and the History of English: Perspectives and Problems, special issue of EJES 5.1. 135-157.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid, Terttu Nevalainen and Luisella Caon (eds.) (2000). Social Network Analysis and the History of English. special issue of EJES 4.3.

Vandenbussche, Wim & Roland Willemyns (1999). "Sprachvariation in Flandern im 19. Jahrhundert: theoretisch-methodische Probleme der historischen, soziolinguistischen Forschung". Sociolinguistica 13, 141-158.

Vandenbussche, Wim (2004). "Triglossia and pragmatic variety choice in nineteenth-century Bruges: A case study in historical sociolinguistics". Journal of Historical Pragmatics 5, 27-47.

Vandenbussche, Wim (ed.) (2004). Terug naar de bron(nen). Taal en taalgebruik in de 19de eeuw in Vlaanderen. Handelingen van het Academicolloquium van 28 mei 2003. Verslagen & Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Acaqdemie voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde 114.

Vandenbussche, Wim, Jetje de Groof, Eline vanhecke and Roland Willemyns (2004). "Historical Sociolinguistics in Flanders: Rediscovering the 19th Century". In Helen Christen, with Agnès Noyer, Dialekt, Regiolekt und Standardsprache im sozialen und zeitlichen Raum. Wien: Edition Praesens. 49-80.

van der Wal, Marijke J. (1998). "Tweede taalverwerving van 18de-eeuws Nederlands: natuurlijke methode versus grammatica en woordenboek?'. In: Tydskrif vir Nederlands en Afrikaans 5 (1998), 181-195.

van der Wal, Marijke J. (1999). "Feral Children and the Origin of Language Debate: The Case of the Puelle Trans-Isalana or the Kranenburg Girl (1717)". In  G. Haßler and P. Schmitter (eds.), Sprachdiskussion und Beschreibung von Sprachen im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert. 151-161

van der Wal, Marijke J. (2001). "Tweede-taalverwerving op heterdaad betrapt: een achttiende-eeuwse casus". In: Kerven in een rots. Opstellen over Nederlandse taalkunde, letterkunde en cultuur, aangeboden aan Jan W. de Vries bij zijn afscheid als hoogleraar Dutch Studies aan de Universiteit Leiden, Leiden: SNL, 2001, 121-137.

van der Wal, Marijke J. (2002). "De mens als talig wezen: taal, taalnormering en taalonderwijs in de vroegmoderne tijd". De Zeventiende Eeuw 18.1. 3-16.

van der Wal, Marijke J. (2003). "Relativiteit in de grammaticale traditie. Tussen norm en descriptie?" In Els Ruijsendaal, Gijsbert Rutten, Frank Vonk (eds.), Bon jours Neef, Ghoeden dagh Cozyn. 361-375.

van der Wouden, Ton (1998). "On the development of marked negation systems: The Dutch situation in the seventeenth century". Historical Linguistics 1995. Vol. 2: Germanic Linguistics, ed. by Richard M. Hogg and Linda van Bergen. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. 311-329.

Willemyns, Roland (1997). "Religious fundamentalism and language planning in 19th century Flanders". Interdisciplinary Journal for Germanic Linguistics and Semiotic Analysis 2, 281-302.

Willemyns, Roland (2002). De Taal van Vlaanderen in de 19de Eeuw. Historisch-Sociolinguïstische Onderzoekingen. Verslagen & Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Acaqdemie voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde 112.

Willemyns, Roland & Wim Vandenbussche (2000). "Historische sociolinguïstiek: het 'Brugge-project'". Taal en Tongval 52 (Festschrift for Jo Daan). 258-276.

Willemyns, Roland, Jetje de Groot and Wim Vandenbussche (2003). "Die Standardisierungsgeschichte des Niederländischen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Einige Ergebnisse und Forschungsdesiderate". In: Jannis K. Androutsopoulos and Evelyn Ziegler (eds.), 'Standard fragen'. Soziolinguistische Perspektiven auf Sprachgeschichte, Sprachkontakt und Sprachvariation. Frankfurt am Main etc.: Peter Lang. 27-38.

Wright, Laura. (2000). The development of Standard English, 1300-1800: theories, descriptions, conflicts. Cambridge: University Press.

Wright, Susan (1994). "The Mystery of the Modal Progressive". In: Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), Studies in Early Modern English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 467-485.

Wright, Susan (1994). "The critic and the grammarian: Joseph Addison and the prescriptivists". In Dieter Stein and Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade (eds.), Towards a Standard English: 1600-1800. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 243-284.

Wright, Susan (1997). "Speaker innovation, textual revision and the case of Joseph Addison". In Terttu Nevalainen and Leena Kahlas-Tarkka (eds.), To Explain the Present. Studies in the changing English Language in honour of Matti Rissanen, Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 483-503.

Wurff, van der, Wim (1988). "A remarkable gap in the history of English syntax". Folia Linguistica Historica 9. 117-159.  

Ziegler, E.  (1998). "Zur Entwicklung der Standardsprache und der Vorbildfunktion in der Klassikersprache". Der Deutsch Unterricht 3.  24-31.

Ziegler, E. (1999). "Deutsch im 19. Jahrhundert: Normierungsprinzipien und Spracheinstellungen". In: H. Bister-Broosen, (ed.), Beiträge zur historischen Stadtsprachenforschung. Wien: Edition Praesens Verlag.  79-100.  

 

historiography

Bilt, Igor van de (2005). Adriaan Verwer: Taalkundige Geschriften (1707-1711). Amsterdam: Stichting Neerlandistiek VU/Münster: Nodus Publikationen.

Noordegraaf, Jan (2001). "The man who knew too much. In Marcel Bax and Jan-Wouter Zwart Reflections on Language and Language Learning, in honour of Arthur van Essen. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 21-33.

Noordegraaf, Jan (2002). "Amsterdamse kringen. Taalkunde en theologie rond 1700". In Fred de Bree, Marijke Spies en Roel Zemel (red.) 'Teeckenrijcke Woorden' voor Henk Duits, Opstellen over Literatuur, Toneel, Kunst en Religie, Meest uit de Zestiende en Zeventiende Eeuw. Amsterdam: Stichting Neerlandistiek VU/Münster: Nodus Publikationen. 235-252.

Noordegraaf, Jan (2003). "'Let us now praise famous men'. Underlying conceptions in the works of Lambert ten Kate". In: Klaus D. dutz (ed.), Später Mittag. Mermischte Anmerkungen zur Metahistoriographie. Münster: Nodus Publikationen. 175-190.

Noordegraaf, Jan (2005). "Lachende derden. Ernst en humor in negentiende-eeuwse grammatica's". In: Ton van Strien and Roel Zemel (eds.), 'Daer omme lachen die liede'. Opstellen over humor in literatuur en taal voor Fred de Bree. Amsterdam: Stichting Neerlandsitiek VU/Münster: Nodus Publikationen. 85-94.

Rutten, Gijsbert (2006). De Archimedische Punten van de Taalbeschouwing: David van Hoogstraten (1658-1724) en de Vroegmoderne Taalcultuur". VU Amsterdam: Stichting Neerlandistiek/Münster: Nodus Publikationen.

Vorlat, Emma (2003). "Rowland Jones and the idea of a perfect language". In: Aline Remael en Katja Pelsmaekers (eds.), Configurations of Culture: Essays in Honour of Michael Windross. Antwerpern: Garant. 174-182.

 

standardisation

Deumert, Ana, and Wim Vandenbussche (eds.) (2003). Germanic Standardizations. Monash University/Vrije Universiteit Brussel/FWO Vlaanderen. 

Elspaß, Stephan (2002). "Standard German in the 19th-century? (Counter-) Evidence from the private correspondence of 'ordinary people'". In: Linn, Andrew R. / Nicola McLelland (eds.). Standardization. Studies from the Germanic Languages. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: Benjamins 2002. 43-65.

Elspaß, Stephan (2005). "Standardisierung des Deutschen. Ansichten aus der neueren Sprachgeschichte 'von unten'". In: Eichinger, Ludwig M. / Werner Kallmeyer (eds.). Standardvariation: Wie viel Variation verträgt die deutsche Sprache? Berlin / New York: de Gruyter. 63-99.

Linn, A. & McLelland, N. (eds.) (2002). Standardization.  Studies from the  Germanic languages.  Amsterdam/ New York:  John Benjamins. 

van der Wal, Marijke J. (2002). "De mens als talig wezen: taal, taalnormering en taalonderwijs in de vroegmoderne tijd". De Zeventiende Eeuw 18. 3-16.

 

codification/prescription

Austin, Frances (2000). "Daniel Fenning (?-1767)". History of Reading News 23/2.

Bax, Randy (2000). "Foolish, foolisher, foolishest: achttiende-eeuwse Engelse grammatica's en comparatieven". Meesterwerk 18, 25-30.

Collins, Beverley, and Inger Mees (2001). "Daniel Jones, Prescriptivist, R.(I.)P.". English Studies 82. 66-73.

Elspaß, Stephan (2005). "Language norm and language reality. Effectiveness and limits of prescriptivism in New High German". In: Langer, Nils / Winifred V. Davies (eds.). Linguistic Purism in the Germanic Languages. Berlin / New York: de Gruyter. 20-45.

Fuami, Kayoko (1996). "Lindley Murray and the Introduction of English into Japan". In: Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade (ed.), Two Hundred Years of Lindley Murray. Münster: Nodus Publikationen. 125-134.

Percy, Carol (1994). "Paradigms for their Sex? Women's Grammars in Late Eighteenth-Century England". La grammaire des dames/Women and grammar. Ed. W. Ayres-Bennett. Series: Histoire, épistémologie, langage 17. 121-41.

Rodríguez Gil, María (2002). Ann Fisher, First Female Grammarian”. Historical Sociolinguistics and Sociohistorical Linguistics 2. 

Rodríguez-Gil, María (2003). “Ann Fisher, descriptive or prescriptive grammarian?”. Linguistica e Filologia 17. 183-203.

Smith, Robin (1999). "Language for everyone: Eighteenth-century grammarians, Elstob, Fisher and beyond". History of Linguistics 1996, Vol. 2: From Classical to Contemporary Linguistics, ed. by David Cram, Andrew Linn and Elke Nowak. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. 205-213.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (1992). "John Kirkby and The Practice of Speaking and Writing English: identification of a manuscript''. Leeds Studies in English ns 23, 157-179.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (1990). "Exemplification in eighteenth-century English grammars". In: Sylvia Adamson, Vivien Law, Nigel Vincent and Susan Wright (eds.), Papers from the 5th Internation Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 481-496.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2000). "Robert Dodsley and the genesis of Lowth’s Short Introduction to English Grammar". Historiographia linguistica 27, 21–36.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2000). "Normative studies in England". History of the Language Sciences/Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften/Histoire des sciences du langage, ed. by Sylvain Auroux, E.F.K. Koerner, Hans-Josef Niederehe and Kees Versteegh. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 876–887.

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2001). "Lowth's Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762) reprinted". Publishing History 49, 83-95.

Vorlat, Emma (1999). "Robert Baker's Dependance on Vaugelas". Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft 9, 1-19.

 

Old English and Anglo-Saxon England

Filppula,  Markku , Juhani Klemola and Heli Pitkänen (eds.) (2002). "The Celtic Roots of English". Studies in Languages, 37. Joensuu: University of Joensuu, Faculty of Humanities.

Biggam, C.P. (1995). "Sociolinguistic Aspects of OE Colour Lexemes". Anglo-Saxon England 24, 51–65.

Derolez, René (1989). "Good and Bad Old English". In: Andreas Fischer (ed.), The History and the Dialects of English: Festschrift for Eduard Kolb. Anglistische Forschungen 203. Heidelberg, 91–102.

Derolez, René (1992). "Language Problems in Anglo-Saxon England: barbara loquella and barbarismus". In: Michael Korhammer (ed.), Words, Texts and Manuscripts: Studies in Anglo-Saxon Culture Presented to Helmut Gneuss on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday. Cambridge, 285–292.

Gretsch, Mechthild (2000). "The Junius Psalter Gloss: Its Historical and Cultural Context". Anglo-Saxon England 29, 85–121.

Lindheim, Bogislav von (1951). "Traces of Colloquial Speech in OE". Anglia 70, 22–42.

Machan, Tim William and Charles T. Scott (eds) (1992). English in its Social Contexts: Essays in Historical Sociolinguistics. New York.

Machan, Tim William (2000). "Language and Society in Twelfth-Century England". In: Irma Taavitsainen, Terttu Nevalainen, Päivi Pahta and Matti Rissanen (eds.), Placing Middle English in Context. Topics in English Linguistics, 35. Berlin. 43–65.

Machan, Tim William (2003). English in the Middle Ages. Oxford.

Toon, Thomas E. (1983). The Politics of Early Old English Sound Change. London.

Toon, Thomas E. (1992). "The Social and Political Contexts of Language Change in Anglo-Saxon England". In English in its Social Contexts, ed. by Tim Machan and Scott, 28–46.

Trousdale, Graeme (2005). "the Social Context of Kentish Raising: Issues in Old English Sociolinguistics". In: Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy (eds.),  Sociolinguistics and the History of English: Perspectives and Problems, special issue of EJES 5.1. 59-76.

Of related interest:

Hall, Alaric (2001), "Old MacDonald had a Fyrm, eo, eo, y: Two Marginal Developments of <eo> in Old and Middle English". Quaestio: Selected Proceedings of the Cambridge Colloquium in Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, 2, 60–90.
 

The language of seventeenth to nineteenth-century English letters

Anderson, Howard and Irvin Ehrenpreis (1966). “The familiar letter in the eighteenth century: some generalizations”. In: Howard Anderson, Philip B. Daghlian and  Irvin Ehrenpreis (eds.). 1966. The Familiar Letter in the Eighteenth Century. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press. 269–282.  

Austin, Frances (1973). “Epistolary conventions of the Clift family correspondence”. English Studies 54. 9–22, 129–140.  

Austin, Frances (1985). “Relative which in late 18th-century usage: The Clift family correspondence”. In: Roger Eaton, Olga Fischer, Willem Koopman and Frederike van der Leek (eds.), Papers from the 4th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 15–29.  

Austin, Frances (1994). “The effect of exposure to Standard English: The language of William Clift”. In: Dieter Stein and Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade (eds.), Towards a Standard English 1600–1800. Berlin/ New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 285–313.  

Baker, Frank (ed.) (1980–1982). The Works of John Wesley. Vols. 25. Letters I (1721–1739). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 45–78.  

Bax, Randy (2002). “Linguistic accommodation: The correspondence between Samuel Johnson and Hester Lynch Thrale”. In: Teresa Fanego, Belén Méndez-Naya and Elena Seoane (eds.). Sounds, Words, Texts and Change. Selected Papers from 11 ICEHL. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Amsterdam: Benjamins.  

Carretta, Vincent (ed.) (1989). Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African. In Two Volumes. To which are prefixed, Memoirs of his Life. 1782. London: Penguin.

Carroll, John (ed.) (1964). Selected Letters of Samuel Richardson. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Fairman, Tony (2000). “English pauper letters 1800–34, and the English language”. Chapter 5 of Barton and Hall (eds.), 63–82.

Halsband, Robert (ed.) (1965-1967). The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. 3 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.  

Nevala, Minna (2002). “Youre moder send a letter to the: Pronouns of Address in Private Correspondence from Late Middle to Late Modern English”. In: Helena Raumolin-Brunberg, Minna Nevala, Arja Nurmi and Matti Rissanen, Variation Past and Present. VARIENG studies on English for Terttu Nevalainen. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. 135–159.  

Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (eds.) (1996). Sociolinguistics and Language History. Studies based on the Corpus of Early English Correspondence. Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi.

Oldireva Gustafsson, Larisa (2002). “Variation in usage and grammars: the past participle forms of write in English 1680-1790”. Historical Sociolinguistics and Sociohistorical Linguistics 3. http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/hsl_shl/ (Contents, Articles).  

Osselton, N.E. (1984). “Informal spelling systems in Early Modern English: 1500-1800”. In: N.F. Blake & C. Jones (eds.), English Historical Linguistics: Studies in Development. Sheffield: CECTAL. 123-137.

Poston, Carol H. (ed.) (1976). Letters Written during a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. 1796. (Mary Wollstonecraft). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Sherburn, George (ed.) (1956). The Correspondence of Alexander Pope. 5 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.  

Sönmez, Margaret J.-M. (2000). “Perceived and real differences between men’s and women’s spellings of the early to mid-seventeenth century”. In: Dieter Kastovsky and Arhtur Mettinger (eds.). The History of English in a Social Context. A Contribution to Historical Sociolinguistics. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 405–439.  

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (1997). “Negation in Sarah Fielding’s letters”. In: Udo Fries, Viviane Müller and Peter Schneider (eds.), From Ælfric to the New York Times. Studies in English Corpus Linguistics. Amster­dam/At­lanta, GA: Rodopi. 183–195.  

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (1999). “Of formulas and friends: expressions of politeness in John Gay’s letters”. In: Guy A.J. Tops, Betty Devriendt and Steven Geukens (eds.). Thinking English Grammar. To Honour Xavier Dekeyser, Professor Emeritus. Leuven/Paris: Peeters. 99–112.  

Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2003). “Lowth’s language”, in: Marina Dossena, Maurizio Gotti and Charles Jones (eds.), Insights into Late Modern English, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

Todd, Janet (ed.) (2003). The Collected Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft. New York: Columbia University Press.

The language of seventeenth to nineteenth-century letters - other than English

Elspaß, Stephan (1999). "Bridging the gap - fixed expressions in 19th century letters of German immigrants". In: Defining Tensions: A Fresh Look at Germans in Wisconsin: Proceedings of the Conference held in Madison, Wisconsin, October 15-17, 1998. http://csumc.wisc.edu/mki/Publications/1.PublicationsFrames.htm [03.02.2006].

Elspaß, Stephan (2002). "Sprache und Geschlecht in Privatbriefen 'einfacher Leute' des 19. Jahrhunderts". In: Brandt, Gisela (ed.). Bausteine zu einer Geschichte des weiblichen Sprachgebrauchs V: Vertextungsstrategien und Sprachmittelwahl in Texten von Frauen. Internationale Fachtagung Dresden 10.-12.09.2001. Stuttgart: Heinz. 89-108.

Elspaß, Stephan / Markus Denkler (2003). "Regionale Umgangssprache in Briefen westfälischer Amerikaauswanderer". In: Niederdeutsches Wort 43, 131-164.

resources for research

Barton, David, and Nigel Hall (eds.) (2000). Letter Writing as a Social Practice. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. Contents: Austin, Fairman

Rydén, Mats, Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade and Merja Kytö (eds.) (1998). A Reader in Early Modern English. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

Sokoll, Thomas (2000). "Negotiating a living: Essex pauper letters from London, 1800-1834". International Review of Social History 45. 19-46.

Sokoll, Thomas (ed.) (2001). Essex Pauper Letters, 1731-1837. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Tillyard, Stella (1994). Aristocrats. Caroline, Emily, Louisa, and Sarah Lennox 1740-1832. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Vickery, Amanda (1998). The Gentleman's Daughter. Women's Lives in Georgian England. Yale University Press.